Every day the worms are infected by adults and children, this can be defended, but does not always work. Therefore, in order to understand who we have found, it is necessary to know their views. Indeed, only the correct identification of worm, you can defeat it.
In this article, You will learn: the human to exist, where you can catch them, the characteristics of the infestation. Take care of your health and don't forget that You have one.
Human worms — classification
Helminths (worms) – a huge class parasitic worms which live in the bodies of humans, animals and plants. Helminth parasites, worms parasites, by feeding on the internal resources of the body's "master" is not only to weaken the body itself, but again and encourage other co-morbidities.
Strangely enough, but almost every second of a man, holder of one of the types of worms and do not even suspect about it, until it will manifest the complications or will not be carried out a further review. According to the climate zones, in the territories of different continents live the different to.
Also helminths are classified according to the method of transfer of body to body:
- bio helminth – pass of the animal;
- contagious – transmitted from an infected person;
- geo-helminth parasites – the larvae are stored in the soil.
In case of contact with the larvae in the body, they move on the body with a stream of blood and get deposited in the organs. The more often helminths are deposited in the different departments of the intestine. Classification according to the place of settlement of parasites:
- Projection screen helminth – lodge in the hollow of the act.
- Cloth – are placed in the tissue.
- Others can live, and in the hollow organs, and in the thickness of the tissue.
In nature, there are about 250 species of helminths. For each of them need certain conditions for their existence and their development. The earthworms vary in size, shape, and other characteristics.
The classification of these parasites is not yet formed and is not approved by the scientists.
The separation of helminth land has also taken place. This fact complicates the classification of parasites. In the countries of mid-latitude, with climatic conditions can count more than 20 species of helminths, which are divided into three groups according to the appearance and form:
- Round (nematodes);
- Band (cestodes);
- Flat (trematodes).
Hookworms and trematodes are more common in nature, rather than bands of noise. The human body – the ideal environment for the reproduction and growth of pinworms and roundworms. As often, and Trichinella. The in cestodes belong to a bull, pig, rat, taenia, broad tapeworm.
Types of de-worming of humans — roundworms (nematodes)
Another name for these worms nematodes. This type of worm is the most widespread. They are characterized by the circular shape of the body when the cross-section. The length of the body in different species of earthworms can vary from 5 mm to 40 see
For life, they generally choose to the intestine, but it is quite easy to migrate on the body of the host, and can live in other organs.
The wide spread of nematodes can be explained by the fact that the infection them is very easy. An intermediate host is not required and they are transmitted from one infected to another. Also the infestation can develop by eating the fruits or vegetables. This is why the infection of these infested own children, because they are likely to violate the rules of hygiene.
Pinworms
Pinworms – the representatives of the round worms, have a circular shape, a length of about 2 centimeters. Occur in adults and in children. Lodge in the small intestine and develop to the stage of the larva to the adult for 2 weeks. Pinworms cause the disease enterobiasis.
The contamination Enterobius is manifested by an inflammation of the lining of the intestine, violated the process of digestion, toxins to earth, cause a local hemorrhage. The disease manifests itself in the evening itching in the anus. Itching cause the females lay eggs.
Contract Enterobius you can not only contact with the objects with an infected person, but also through the vegetables in the garden (the eggs are retained in the soil), cockroaches and flies as vectors of eggs of helminths. When the enterobiasis in women, the parasite can cause inflammation of the genitals. Also inflamed and scratching, which leads to Staphylococcus.
Ascaris
The round – ascaris, grow up to 40 centimeters and with a diameter of about 6 centimeters. The eggs of ascaris in cases of penetration into the soil can be stored there for about a year before falling into a favourable environment for the development. When the larva roundworm enters the body of a medium and begins to grow, it produces toxins affecting the lungs, the liver.
The larva moves through the body and affects the blood vessels and causes inflammatory lesions. Settles in the intestine and lives for the account of its contents. Per day can cause a delay of several thousands of eggs.
Thanks to its large size round in search of food can pass into the ducts of the pancreas, the bile ducts of the liver, cause inflammation of the intestine, can enter the esophagus and block the airway. Causes this disease, such as ascariasis.
Find roundworm in the body, you can recognize such symptoms:
- Nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain.
- Fatigue.
- Diarrhea, worms, red calais.
- Of allergic reactions.
Ascaris are the property of roll it into a ball with an occlusion of the intestine and, consequently, peritonitis.
Whipworm
The next representative of the ascaris is whipworm. Their length is 5 centimeters. Is distinguished by the extraordinary form an essential part of a thin and short – wide. The presence in the body of the human whipworm can cause trihozefalez.
The presence in the body whipworm led to trichocephalosis and is manifested by symptoms:
- upset stomach, decreased appetite;
- the diarrhea is replaced by constipation;
- sometimes, a mixture of blood in the stool;
- iron-deficiency anemia.
Toxocara
This species of nematode live in the stomach of dogs and feces of the eggs fall to the ground. Externally, the parasite is similar to ascaris, but only increases to 15 centimeters. The life cycle of the parasite happens in the body of the dog to enter the environment in a human, the larvae die, but the time to do this evil.
Hit the muscles, the liver, the lungs, the heart, the tissues of the eye, the brain, the disease toxocariasis.
The activity of the larvae in the body is manifested by such symptoms:
- an increase of the temperature;
- the increase of lymph nodes and the liver;
- rash;
- infiltrates in the lungs;
- shortness of breath, dry wheezing, coughing;
- violation of the spirit, and muscle cramps;
- the blood analysis revealed the presence of eosinophils.
Confirm the diagnosis using scrapings from the affected area of the skin, a blood test for the antibodies, biopsy of the liver.
Ancylostoma
In this case, the infection occurs through the skin or by ingestion of larvae. With the blood, they can end up in the lungs and the heart, but prefer the small intestine. They live almost 4 years, causing the hookworm. Its symptoms:
- Fever.
- Increased salivation.
- Eosinophilia.
The manifestations of the pathology occur in the execution phase of an invasion, when the body accumulates a large number of helminths. The initial step is different asymptomatic current, due to discover what the pathology may not by chance.
The cestodes (tapeworms)
If you look at all of the varieties encountered in humans, worms, and tapeworm are among the most dangerous. The main risk is related to the size, because this type of parasite can reach a length of 18 m
Because of this their impact on the human body is very unfavorable. The complete cycle of their life requires a change of owner. Part of the tapeworms live in the body of cattle, from which people go though.
Broad tapeworm
Broad tapeworm reaches 10 meters in length. With the help of the slots on the head is fixed to the surface of the intestine. The body of man is found with raw fresh-water fish in the form of larvae and completely develops in a period of one month.
Symptomatically to the presence of the parasite in the body is manifested:
- beriberi a deficiency of vitamin B12, folic acid;
- vomiting, nausea, diarrhea;
- disorders of the gastrointestinal tract;
- the exhaustion of the body;
- an increase of the temperature.
This parasite is nourished by absorption of nutrients from the surface of the whole of his great body. In the anchorage of a large tapeworm develops necrosis. In the stools, appear the segments (containing eggs), the worm and its eggs.
Wave of tsepen
Wave of tsepen (tapeworm) lives in the small intestine and up to 7 meters in length. The larvae of the bovine tapeworm infect humans through the consumption of food improperly cooked beef. The larva is easy to notice in the meat as well as their size of about 5 mm to Enter in the human body, the larvae develop in 3 months.
Multiplies using segments, which contain up to 150 thousands of larvae. These segments on the body of the bovine tapeworm about 2 million.
These segments yourself give on the night of the anus and stretches out on the bed. The presence of this worm may cause injury, beef tapeworm infection, which manifests itself by symptoms:
- The exhaustion of the body.
- A disorder of the intestine.
- Loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting.
- Of allergic reactions.
Swine tsepen
Swine tsepen can be confused with the rise, but the size of him is more modest – 2.5 metres. And the number of segments of this parasite is also smaller by about 1 mile. The head of an earth worm has a suction cup and the tube with the mounting brackets to the thickest of the intestine.
You can get by meat and fat. This parasite causes diseases taeniasis and cysticercosis. The symptomatology depends on the amount of worms in the body. A large number of parasites can lead to a bowel obstruction, which is treated by surgery.
Ancylostoma
Is the causative agent in hookworm. Habitat – 12-earthy the intestine. Length of worm in about 14 millimeters. Nourishes with nutrients, which originates from the wall of the intestine.
The parasite in the blood vessels found in the liver, the lungs, the heart. The infection ankylostomas is manifested by symptoms such as:
- belching, nausea, heartburn, vomiting, diarrhea;
- headache, dizziness;
- coughing, shortness of breath, pneumonia, pain in the heart;
- fatigue, chronic fatigue.
Hookworm causes complications: hepatitis, ulcer 12 duodenal ulcer, bronchitis, laryngitis, endocarditis. Verify the diagnosis with the help of blood tests, fluoroscopy, röntgen.
The bodies of the most simple
Protozoa they are called, because of what they are unicellular. But this does not mean that their presence in the body of the man should not cause concern. When these types of interference may occur is not less severe disease than in other cases.
Giardia
The danger occurs when the body is absent of disease manifestation. People are infected by these micro-organisms, swallowing giardia cysts. This can occur when swimming in the open water. The reproduction happens through the division of cells in two.
Of the stomach these parasites circulate in all the body with the blood, affecting a variety of organs.
The patient may have symptoms of all sorts of pathologies, but not to speculate on the reasons for their development. The more often giardiasis causes the following diseases:
- Allergies.
- Bronchitis.
- The bronchial asthma.
- The contact dermatitis.
- Cholecystitis.
- The IRR.
- Enterocolitis.
- Dyskinesia 12 duodenal ulcer, and biliary tract.
- Enteritis.
- The chronic fatigue.
The continuation of the progression of giardiasis can cause diseases of the CNS and the circulatory system.
The symptoms of the onset of helminth
The manifestation of helminthiasis of people may vary. The symptoms that occur in people with a strong infestation:
- Painful view.
- The loss of weight.
- Pallor.
- Itching in the anal region.
In the majority of cases, infection of worm infections has symptoms similar to other diseases for which the treatment does not give results. According to the place of localization of parasites and their number of specific symptoms.
Failure of the gastro-intestinal tract
If helminth parasites in the intestine, then a person is faced with problems such as:
- The diarrhea or the opposite constipation.
- The nausea and vomiting.
- The pain in the area of the intestine.
- Bloating.
- A net loss of the or, on the contrary, a weight gain.
The large worms can block the intestines and cause constipation. Because of the constant selection of the wastes, it feels all the signs of intoxication can occur nausea, vomiting, weakness.
Prevention
It should be noted that no worms may not be fruitful and multiply in the human body, each species has its own period of time, after which they perish, for example, pinworms that is only a few weeks, roundworm about a year.
Waiting for bigger fish eggs, need to get out of the body, either in the stool or on the skin near the anus to the external environment, in the soil, and only then, cos on the outside of the body of man and mount him again, they begin to activate and to parasitize.
Because multiply in the human body, the worms can not, the increase in the number of adults in the intestine already the infected person is only possible in a new infection, when the eggs are once again taken by the mouth in the body.
For example, a person might get rid of around 3 to 4 weeks without any treatment. But not so easy to comply with these rules to the children and school-age children.